Tag: neurulation

The radiographic image demonstrates a classic presentation of spina bifida occulta affecting the first sacral vertebra (S1), highlighted by the red circle. This congenital anomaly results from a failure in the normal embryological development of the neural tube, specifically inadequate formation of the vertebral arch components.

The illustration depicts a classic presentation of lumbar myelomeningocele, showing the external sac containing cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) protruding posteriorly from the lumbar region of the spine.

Anencephaly is one of the most severe neural tube defects compatible with life until birth, characterized by the absence of a major portion of the brain, skull, and scalp. The image depicts an anencephalic newborn in profile view, illustrating the distinctive craniofacial features associated with this condition. Anencephaly results from failure of the rostral (head) end of the neural tube to close during embryonic development, typically between the 23rd and 26th day of gestation. This devastating congenital anomaly is universally fatal, with most affected newborns surviving only hours to days after birth. Understanding the characteristic physical manifestations, underlying pathophysiology, and available management options is essential for healthcare professionals involved in perinatal and neonatal care.

The image depicts a neonate with a significant occipital encephalocele, visible as a large sac-like protrusion from the back of the infant's head. Encephalocele is a severe congenital neural tube defect characterized by herniation of brain tissue and meninges through a defect in the skull. This particular case shows a substantial occipital encephalocele with intact skin coverage and visible vascularity. The condition requires prompt multidisciplinary evaluation and neurosurgical intervention to minimize complications and optimize developmental outcomes. Early diagnosis, careful surgical planning, and comprehensive follow-up care are essential components in the management of this challenging congenital anomaly.

The image depicts a two-year-old child with a parietal encephalocele, visible as a prominent protrusion from the superior aspect of the skull. Encephalocele is a rare congenital neural tube defect characterized by the herniation of brain tissue and meninges through a defect in the cranium. This case is notable as most encephaloceles are surgically addressed in early infancy, but this child appears to have reached two years of age with the condition still present. The sac appears well-vascularized with a reddish, taut appearance, suggesting active blood supply to the herniated tissues. This condition requires comprehensive neurosurgical evaluation and intervention to prevent further complications and optimize developmental outcomes.