Tag: newborn monitoring

Neonatal Jaundice: Kramer’s Rule and Hyperbilirubinemia

Neonatal jaundice remains one of the most challenging conditions faced by pediatricians and neonatologists worldwide. The precise evaluation and timely management of jaundice can prevent severe complications and ensure optimal outcomes for newborns. This comprehensive guide explores the multifaceted aspects of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia, from basic pathophysiology to advanced management strategies.

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Primary and Permanent Tooth Transition

This image depicts the bottom teeth of a seven-year-old child showing the natural progression from primary (deciduous) teeth to permanent dentition. The photograph clearly illustrates three distinct stages occurring simultaneously: primary teeth still in position, a vacant space where a primary tooth has been naturally exfoliated, and an emerging permanent tooth.

Understanding the Universal Numbering System for Adult Teeth

The Universal Numbering System, also known as the American System, is a standardized method for identifying and referring to teeth in dental practice across the United States. This system assigns numbers 1-32 to each adult tooth, starting from the upper right third molar (wisdom tooth) and continuing clockwise around the dental arches. Unlike the FDI World Dental Federation notation used in most other countries, the Universal Numbering System provides a straightforward sequential approach that helps dental professionals communicate effectively about specific teeth during examinations, procedures, and patient records.

Discolored teeth and tooth loss

The photograph reveals extensive dental pathology characterized by multiple missing teeth in both the maxillary (upper) and mandibular (lower) arches, with remaining teeth showing clear signs of mobility, displacement, and potential decay.

A broken upper front tooth showing the pink of the pulp: Complicated Crown Fracture

This clinical image shows a fractured upper front tooth (maxillary central incisor) with visible pulp exposure, indicated by the pink spot at the fracture site.

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