Tag: mastication muscles

Sphenoid Bone Anatomy: Superior and Posterior Views Explained

The sphenoid bone, a single midline structure, plays a pivotal role in forming the anterior walls and floor of the middle cranial fossa, while also contributing to the cranial base and orbits. This anatomical illustration showcases the sphenoid bone in both superior and posterior views, highlighting its lesser and greater wings, sella turcica, pterygoid plates, and multiple foramina for neurovascular passage. Positioned centrally within the skull, the sphenoid bone integrates with surrounding bones to support critical functions like vision and hormonal regulation.

The human skull skeletal anatomy lateral view with label

The human skull is a remarkable anatomical structure, with its lateral view revealing crucial bones and features essential for protecting the brain and facilitating vital functions. This detailed illustration highlights nine key components of the skull's side profile, demonstrating the intricate relationships between cranial and facial bones.

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Breakthrough in Medical Tech: World’s First Genetically Matched Human Lung-on-a-Chip Revolutionizes TB Treatment

Discover how scientists are pushing the boundaries of personalized medicine with a groundbreaking lung-on-a-chip model. This innovative device, crafted from a single donor's cells, mimics real breathing and early infection stages, offering fresh hope for tackling tough respiratory diseases like tuberculosis. It's not just lab stuff—it's a step toward treatments tailored to your unique biology.

The Seventh Person Cured of HIV Challenges Long-Held Medical Beliefs

A 60-year-old German man has officially become the seventh person in the world to be declared "cured" of HIV. His case, detailed in a study published in the journal Nature on December 1, 2025, marks a significant turning point in virology. Perhaps most importantly, he is only the second person to achieve this feat using stem cells that were not inherently resistant to HIV.

The Role of Peroxisomes in Cellular Metabolism and Lipid Biosynthesis

Peroxisomes are specialized, membrane-bound organelles essential for maintaining cellular homeostasis through the metabolism of fatty acids and the detoxification of harmful chemical compounds. By facilitating the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide and supporting lipid biosynthesis, these structures protect the cell from damage and ensure the production of critical components like plasmalogens for nerve health. These organelles are dynamic and can adjust their size and enzymatic composition in response to the specific metabolic needs of the host cell.

Understanding the Golgi Apparatus: Structure, Function, and Cellular Significance

The Golgi apparatus is a vital organelle within the eukaryotic endomembrane system, acting as the primary hub for modifying, sorting, and packaging macromolecules for secretion or delivery to other organelles. Discovered in 1898 by Camillo Golgi, this complex arrangement of flattened membrane sacs is essential for the production of functional glycoproteins and glycolipids. By facilitating intricate biochemical modifications, the Golgi apparatus ensures that the cell’s proteins and lipids are accurately directed to their final destinations, maintaining the overall health and functionality of the human body.

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