This medical illustration compares normal prostate anatomy with pathological changes in prostate cancer. The diagram demonstrates key structural alterations affecting both glandular tissue and urethral patency.
Anatomical Features and Pathological Changes
Normal Prostate Walnut-sized gland (20-30cc) producing 30% of seminal fluid. Contains alpha-1 adrenergic receptors and 5-alpha reductase for DHT conversion.
Normal Urethra Prostatic urethra spans 2.5-3cm length with 20-30Fr diameter. Contains transitional epithelium with prostatic ducts entering at verumontanum.
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Enlarged Prostate Neoplastic growth showing Gleason patterns 1-5 based on glandular architecture. Volume increases correlate with PSA elevation (0.1-0.15ng/mL/cc).
Compressed Urethra Mechanical narrowing from tumor mass effect. Flow rates decrease (Qmax <10mL/s) with increased post-void residual volumes.
Clinical Considerations in Prostate Cancer
PSA velocity >0.75ng/mL/year suggests malignant transformation. Age-specific reference ranges guide screening protocols.
Digital rectal examination assesses posterior peripheral zone. Nodularity, asymmetry, and firmness indicate suspicious findings.
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Multiparametric MRI enables PI-RADS scoring system. Targets suspicious lesions for systematic biopsy sampling.
Treatment selection follows risk stratification (D’Amico criteria). Considers PSA, clinical stage, and Gleason score.
- Prostate Cancer: Anatomical Changes and Clinical Features
- Understanding Prostate Cancer: A Medical Guide
- Clinical Approach to Prostate Pathology
- Prostate Cancer: From Anatomy to Management
- Advanced Guide to Prostatic Neoplasia
Modern prostate cancer management requires integration of molecular markers and imaging techniques. This multimodal approach optimizes treatment selection and monitoring.
Evidence-based protocols continue evolving with improved understanding of tumor biology. Personalized treatment strategies consider both oncological outcomes and quality of life measures.
