Erythroblastosis fetalis, also known as hemolytic disease of the newborn, is a serious condition arising from an immune incompatibility between an Rh-negative mother and an Rh-positive fetus. This diagram illustrates the process where maternal anti-Rh antibodies attack fetal red blood cells, leading to severe anemia, and highlights the preventive role of RhoGAM administration. Exploring this condition provides critical insights into maternal-fetal immunology and the importance of timely medical intervention.