Critical Care Scoring

Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS)

The Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) is a standardized neurological assessment tool used to evaluate a patient’s level of consciousness after brain injury or in other critical conditions. Developed in 1974 by Graham Teasdale and Bryan Jennett at the University of Glasgow, it is widely applied across medical settings, including emergency departments, intensive care units (ICUs), and trauma centers, to assess patients of all ages, including adults, children, and infants (with pediatric modifications). The GCS quantifies consciousness through three components—eye opening, verbal response, and motor response—providing a reliable, objective measure for clinical decision-making, prognosis, and monitoring.

SAPS II (Simplified Acute Physiology Score II)

The SAPS II (Simplified Acute Physiology Score II) is a severity-of-illness scoring system designed for adult patients (aged ≥18 years) in intensive care units (ICUs). Developed in 1993 from a large multicenter study involving 13,152 patients across 137 ICUs in 12 countries, SAPS II predicts hospital mortality risk based on physiological, demographic, and clinical data collected within the first 24 hours of ICU admission. It is widely used for risk stratification, quality benchmarking, and research in adult critical care settings.

APACHE II (Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II)

The APACHE II (Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II) score is a widely used severity-of-illness scoring system designed for adult patients in intensive care units (ICUs). Developed in 1985, it quantifies disease severity and predicts hospital mortality risk based on physiological measurements, age, and chronic health status. The score is calculated within the first 24 hours of ICU admission and is applicable across a broad range of adult critical care conditions. It is a cornerstone tool for risk stratification, quality assessment, and research in ICUs.

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